| Proper Lifting |
正确搬运 |
| The nurse is at risk for injury to lumbar muscles in lifting. The rate of injuries in occupational settings has increased in recent years, and more than one half are back injuries resulting from improper lifting and bending techniques （Owen and Garg, 1991）. Injury to the lumbar area affects the ability to bend forward, backward, and from side to side. In addition, the ability to rotate the hips and lower back is decreased. |
在搬运时，护士有腰肌损伤危险。最近几年，专业机构的受伤比例增加，其中一半以上是由于搬运及弯腰操作不当。腰部损伤影响到前后左右的弯腰能力，而且，髋部及下腰的旋转能力也降低。 |
| As more clients are being discharged into the home setting for continuing care, it is necessary for the nurse to teach members of the client's family how to lift and transfer the client safely. |
随着越来越多的病人逐渐出院进入疗养院等继续接受护理，护士就有必要教育病人家属安全地搬动和运送病人。 |
| The purpose of this skill and all skills in this unit is to teach both the nurse and family members how to safely and correctly lift and transfer the client with impaired mobility. |
本技术及本单元所有技术的目的是教育护士和家属安全、正确地搬运和运送活动受损的病人。 |
Potential Nursing DiagnosesClient data derived during the assessment reveal defining characteristics to support the following nursing diagnoses for clients requiring this skill:
Impaired skin integrity
High risk for injury |
潜在的护理诊断：评估资料提示支持下列护理诊断:
皮肤完整性受损
受伤危险高 |
| Steps |
步骤说明 |
1. Assess "basic four" lifting measures:
a.Position of weight: The weight to be lifted should be as close to the lifter as possible.
* Places the object to be lifted in the same plane as the lifter. |
1. 评估“四项基本”搬运措施：
A. 重量位置：要搬动的重体应尽量靠近搬运者。
* 将准备搬动的物体置于搬运者同一平面。 |
b.Height of object: The best height for lifting vertically is slightly above the level of the middle finger of a person with the arm hanging at the side.
c. Body position: The lifter should be positioned with the trunk erect so that multiple muscle groups work together.
d. Maximum weight: An object is too heavy if it is greater than 35% of the lifter's body weight. |
B. 物体高度：垂直搬运的最佳高度是手臂自然下垂于体侧时略高于中指的位置。
C. 身体位置：搬运者应躯干挺直，这样，多处肌肉群就可协同工作。
D.最大重量：物体重量超过搬运者体重35%时为过量。
* 确定搬动时需要其他人员支援。 |
2. Come close to object to be moved.
* Determines need for assistance from additional personnel during lift. |
2. 靠近欲移动物体。
* 将搬运者的重力中心靠近物体。 |
3. Enlarge your base of support, placing feet apart.
* Moves the lifter's center of gravity closer to the object. |
3. 分开两腿，扩大支撑基础。
* 保持更好的躯体平衡，减少摔到危险。 |
4. Lower your center of gravity to object to be lifted.
* Increases body balance and enables your muscle groups to work together in synchronized manner. |
4. 降低身体重心至欲提升物体。
* 增加身体平衡，使你的肌肉群能同步协调地工作。 |
5.Maintain proper alignment of head and neck with vertebrae, keeping trunk straight.
* Reduces risk of injury to lumbar vertebrae and muscle groups. |
5.保持头、颈和脊柱在同一直面上，保持躯干正直。
* 减少腰椎和肌肉群受伤危险。 |
| Nurse AlertBefore lifting an object the nurse should decide if it can be safely lifted by one person. If the nurse feels that the object is too large or too heavy, additional personnel should be sought for assistance. |
护士注意： 在搬动物体前，护士应确定一人能否安全搬动，如果护士觉得物体太重或太大，就应寻求他人帮助。 |
Client Teaching
Demonstrating correct lifting techniques is an excellent way for the nurse to teach the client and family how they can avoid injuring themselves when moving something. |
病人宣教：演示正确的抬升技巧是护士教育病人和家属在移动物体避免受伤的最佳途径。 |
Geriatric Considerations
The geriatric client may require reeducation on what he can and cannot safely lift. Objects that could be safely lifted in the early and middle adult years cannot usually be lifted in the later adult years. |
老年考虑： 应教育老年病人什么是他能够或无法安全搬动的，在青壮年时能安全搬动的物体通常在老年时就无法搬动了。 |
